Hungary Act LXXV of 2025: the national law implementing the EU AI Act in Hungary
By Anthony Guerriero, Founder and lead analyst, The Leveraged Years. Budapest dateline, 31 October 2025. Last verified: 2026-07-25.
Most coverage of AI law right now points at Brussels. The more useful question for anyone shipping an AI product into Europe is narrower: in each member state, who actually holds the power to open a file on you, and what can they do with it. Hungary answered that on 31 October 2025, when it promulgated 2025. evi LXXV. torveny, Act LXXV of 2025, formally titled the law on the implementation in Hungary of the European Union Artificial Intelligence Regulation. It is a short, procedural statute, and that is exactly why it matters. It is one of the first national laws in the EU to convert Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, the AI Act, from a Brussels text into a named domestic authority with fining power, a single point of contact, and a timetable.
What Act LXXV of 2025 actually does
The law does not rewrite the AI Act or add Hungarian obligations on top of it. Section 2 says plainly that terms carry the meanings given in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. What the statute supplies is the institutional and procedural framework that the Regulation leaves to member states.
The heart of it is Section 3, which hands the Government the job of naming two bodies by decree: a notifying authority under Article 28 of the AI Act, and a market surveillance authority under Article 70. The Hungarian text reads:
"A Kormany rendeletben jeloli ki a) az (EU) 2024/1689 europai parlamenti es tanacsi rendelet 28. cikke szerinti bejelento hatosagot ..., es b) az (EU) 2024/1689 europai parlamenti es tanacsi rendelet 70. cikke szerinti piacfelugyeleti hatosagot ...."
In English: the Government designates by decree the notifying authority under Article 28 of the Regulation, and the market surveillance authority under Article 70. That decree already exists. Government Decree 344/2025 (X. 31.), issued the same day, names the National Accreditation Authority (Nemzeti Akkreditalo Hatosag) as the notifying authority, and the minister responsible for enterprise development as both the market surveillance authority and the country's single point of contact under Article 70(2).
Section 7 is the part with teeth. In a market surveillance decision, the authority may impose an administrative fine (kozigazgatasi birsag), formally establish that an AI system was used unlawfully, and order the responsible party to stop the conduct or restore a lawful state. Section 1(c) ties those fines back to Article 99 of the AI Act, the Regulation's own penalty ceiling. The statute also builds a coordinating body, the Hungarian Artificial Intelligence Council (Magyar Mesterseges Intelligencia Tanacs), an advisory council with no case-deciding power whose members include the media authority, the central bank, the competition office, the data protection authority, and the intellectual property office.
Who is covered
Section 1 draws the jurisdictional net wide, and it is drawn on use, not on where a company sits. The law reaches market surveillance proceedings where an AI system is placed on the market or put into service in Hungary, and, critically, where the output of an AI system is used in Hungary regardless of where the provider or deployer is established. The enumerated targets in Section 1(c) include:
- providers placing AI systems on the market or putting them into service in Hungary;
- deployers using AI systems within Hungary;
- product manufacturers that market an AI system under their own name or trademark;
- providers and deployers located in a third country when the system's output is used in Hungary;
- importers of those AI systems; and
- authorized representatives of non-EU providers.
That fourth category is the one a US operator should read twice. A company with no office and no staff in Hungary is still within reach of the Hungarian market surveillance authority if the output of its AI system is used inside the country. There is one carve-out worth noting: under Section 5(1), the general market surveillance authority does not supervise high-risk AI systems run by organizations already under central bank (Magyar Nemzeti Bank) supervision when the system is tied directly to financial services. Finance keeps its own supervisor.
Effective dates and deadlines
The timing is split, and the split is deliberate. Section 12(1) brings the bulk of the Act into force on the 31st day after promulgation, which is 2 December 2025. Section 12(2) holds back two provisions, Section 3(2) and Section 10, until 2 August 2026, the date that lines up with the EU AI Act's high-risk system obligations. The dates that matter:
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 13 Jun 2024 | Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (EU AI Act) adopted |
| 31 Oct 2025 | Act LXXV of 2025 promulgated; Decree 344/2025 designates authorities the same day |
| 2 Dec 2025 | Main body of the Act enters into force (Section 12(1)) |
| 2 Aug 2026 | Section 3(2) and Section 10 enter into force, aligned to EU high-risk timeline (Section 12(2)) |
Hungary implementation versus the EU AI Act baseline
The cleanest way to see what a national implementation law adds is to set it beside the Regulation it serves. The AI Act tells member states what must exist. Act LXXV of 2025 says who, where, and how in Hungary.
| Question | EU AI Act, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 | Hungary Act LXXV of 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Substantive AI obligations | Defines prohibited practices, high-risk duties, transparency rules | None added; adopts the Regulation's definitions (Section 2) |
| Notifying authority | Requires each state to designate one (Article 28) | National Accreditation Authority, named by Decree 344/2025 |
| Market surveillance authority | Requires designation (Article 70) | Minister for enterprise development, general competence, acting on its own motion |
| Single point of contact | Required (Article 70(2)) | The same minister |
| Penalties | Sets ceilings (Article 99) | Administrative fine plus unlawful-use finding and cease orders (Section 7) |
| Coordination | Left to national arrangement | Hungarian AI Council, advisory, multi-agency (Sections 8 to 9) |
| Financial-sector AI | Allows sector supervisors | Central bank keeps supervision of finance-linked high-risk systems (Section 5(1)) |
What Act LXXV of 2025 does NOT do
Reading this as a new rulebook would be a mistake, so the scope limits are worth stating flatly:
- It does not create new substantive AI obligations. The duties on providers and deployers are the EU AI Act's duties. Section 2 imports Article 3 definitions wholesale.
- It does not set the fine amounts in the statute. Section 11(2)(c) leaves the detailed rules on the amount and payment of the administrative fine to a later Government decree. The ceiling comes from Article 99 of the Regulation.
- It does not give the AI Council enforcement power. Section 8(1) states the Council is a body with no case-deciding authority. It advises, coordinates, and issues recommendations.
- It does not touch finance-sector AI supervision. Systems already under central bank oversight and tied to financial services stay there (Section 5(1)).
- It does not exempt foreign providers. Output used in Hungary is enough to establish reach, even with no Hungarian establishment.
Practical steps for teams shipping AI into Hungary
- Map your output footprint. If your model's output is consumed by users in Hungary, assume the Hungarian market surveillance authority has standing over you, establishment or not.
- Identify your correspondent. The minister for enterprise development is the single point of contact under Article 70(2). Non-EU providers should confirm whether they need an authorized representative under the AI Act.
- Check the 2 August 2026 line. If you build or supply high-risk systems, treat that date as the moment the conformity assessment and notified-body machinery under Section 3(2) is live.
- Separate finance from the rest. If your AI sits inside a regulated financial service, your supervisor is the central bank, not the general market surveillance authority.
- Watch for the fine decree. The amounts are not in the statute. The Government decree under Section 11(2)(c) is where the numbers will land.
Cross-border read for US firms
The wedge here for a US audience is the output-based jurisdiction. American AI companies tend to reason about Europe as a place they either enter or do not. Act LXXV of 2025 reflects the AI Act's own logic that entry is not the trigger. Use is. A firm in California whose chatbot serves answers to users in Budapest is inside Section 1's scope, and the counterpart it would hear from is a named minister with fining power, not an abstract EU institution. Hungary being early to designate that authority means it is one of the first member states where the enforcement path is fully drawn on paper.
Key Facts
- Instrument
- Act LXXV of 2025 (2025. evi LXXV. torveny), on the implementation in Hungary of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 [Magyar Kozlony, promulgated 31 Oct 2025].
- Issuer
- The National Assembly of Hungary (Orszaggyules); implementing Government Decree 344/2025 (X. 31.).
- Effective date
- Main body in force 2 December 2025; Section 3(2) and Section 10 in force 2 August 2026 (Section 12).
- Who is covered
- Providers, deployers, product manufacturers, importers, and authorized representatives, including third-country actors whose AI output is used in Hungary (Section 1).
- Consequence
- Administrative fine plus unlawful-use finding and cease orders by the market surveillance authority (Section 7); ceiling per Article 99 of the AI Act.
- Status
- In force. Designating authorities confirmed by Decree 344/2025: National Accreditation Authority (notifying) and the minister for enterprise development (market surveillance and single point of contact).
FAQ
What is Hungary Act LXXV of 2025?
It is the Hungarian statute, promulgated 31 October 2025, that sets the domestic framework for implementing the EU AI Act. It designates the notifying and market surveillance authorities, defines their powers, and creates the Hungarian AI Council.
Does it create new AI rules for companies?
No. The substantive obligations remain those of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. The Hungarian law is procedural and institutional, and provides for administrative fines under Article 99 of the Regulation.
Who does the law cover?
Providers and deployers, product manufacturers, importers, authorized representatives, and third-country providers and deployers whose AI system output is used in Hungary, regardless of where they are established.
When did it take effect?
Most of the Act on 2 December 2025, the 31st day after promulgation. Section 3(2) and Section 10 on 2 August 2026.
Primary sources and related reading
- Act LXXV of 2025, full text: net.jogtar.hu (docid a2500075.tv)
- Government Decree 344/2025 (X. 31.), implementing decree: net.jogtar.hu (docid a2500344.kor)
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (EU AI Act): EUR-Lex
More in our tracker: AI Regulation News hub | Slovenia ZIUDHPUI implementation law | Portugal names ANACOM as market surveillance authority | Romania designates its AI Act competent authorities